UNION clause

The UNION clause is used to combine the result of multiple queries.

Combine queries and retain duplicates
Combine queries and remove duplicates

Data Set#

The following examples are executed with this data set. You can create this data set locally by executing the queries at the end of the page: Data Set.

1. Combine queries and retain duplicates#

To combine two or more queries and return their results without removing duplicates, use the UNION ALL clause. First, let's add a few existing nodes to the data set.

CREATE (:Person { name: 'John' });
CREATE (:Person { name: 'Anna' });

A query with the UNION ALL clause could look like this:

MATCH (c:Country) 
RETURN c.name as columnName
UNION ALL 
MATCH (p:Person)
RETURN p.name AS columnName;

Output:

+----------------+
| columnName     |
+----------------+
| Germany        |
| France         |
| United Kingdom |
| John           |
| Harry          |
| Anna           |
| John           |
| Anna           |
+----------------+

2. Combine queries and remove duplicates#

To combine two or more queries and return their results without removing duplicates, use the UNION clause without ALL.

MATCH (c:Country) 
RETURN c.name as columnName
UNION 
MATCH (p:Person)
RETURN p.name AS columnName;

Output:

+----------------+
| columnName     |
+----------------+
| Germany        |
| France         |
| United Kingdom |
| John           |
| Harry          |
| Anna           |
+----------------+

Data set Queries#

We encourage you to try out the examples by yourself. You can get our data set locally by executing the following query block.

MATCH (n) DETACH DELETE n;

CREATE (c1:Country { name: 'Germany', language: 'German', continent: 'Europe', population: 83000000 });
CREATE (c2:Country { name: 'France', language: 'French', continent: 'Europe', population: 67000000 });
CREATE (c3:Country { name: 'United Kingdom', language: 'English', continent: 'Europe', population: 66000000 });

MATCH (c1),(c2)
WHERE c1.name= 'Germany' AND c2.name = 'France'
CREATE (c2)<-[:WORKING_IN { date_of_start: 2014 }]-(p:Person { name: 'John' })-[:LIVING_IN { date_of_start: 2014 }]->(c1);

MATCH (c)
WHERE c.name= 'United Kingdom'
CREATE (c)<-[:WORKING_IN { date_of_start: 2014 }]-(p:Person { name: 'Harry' })-[:LIVING_IN { date_of_start: 2013 }]->(c);

MATCH (p1),(p2)
WHERE p1.name = 'John' AND p2.name = 'Harry'
CREATE (p1)-[:FRIENDS_WITH { date_of_start: 2011 }]->(p2);

MATCH (p1),(p2)
WHERE p1.name = 'John' AND p2.name = 'Harry'
CREATE (p1)<-[:FRIENDS_WITH { date_of_start: 2012 }]-(:Person { name: 'Anna' })-[:FRIENDS_WITH { date_of_start: 2014 }]->(p2);

MATCH (p),(c1),(c2)
WHERE p.name = 'Anna' AND c1.name = 'United Kingdom' AND c2.name = 'Germany'
CREATE (c2)<-[:LIVING_IN { date_of_start: 2014 }]-(p)-[:LIVING_IN { date_of_start: 2014 }]->(c1);

CREATE (:Person { name: 'John' });
CREATE (:Person { name: 'Anna' });

MATCH (n)-[r]->(m) RETURN n,r,m;